Medicare is a federal health insurance program in the United States, primarily designed for individuals aged 65 and older. It also provides coverage to younger people with certain disabilities and those with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant). The program began in 1965 under the Social Security Act and is managed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

Parts of Medicare

Medicare is divided into four main parts, each offering different types of coverage:

Medicare Part A
Hospital Insurance: This part covers inpatient hospital stays, care in a skilled nursing facility, hospice care, and some home health care. Most people do not pay a premium for Part A because they or their spouse paid Medicare taxes while working.

Medicare Part B
Medical Insurance: Part B covers certain doctors' services, outpatient care, medical supplies, and preventive services. Unlike Part A, Part B requires a monthly premium, which is adjusted based on income.

Medicare Part C
Medicare Advantage Plans: These are Medicare-approved plans offered by private companies that provide an alternative way to receive Medicare benefits. Medicare Advantage Plans include Part A and Part B coverage and often offer additional benefits such as vision, dental, and prescription drug coverage. These plans may have different rules, costs, and coverage restrictions than Original Medicare.

Medicare Part D
Prescription Drug Coverage: Part D provides coverage for prescription medications. This coverage is offered through private insurance companies approved by Medicare, and enrollees pay a monthly premium in addition to the cost of their medications.

Eligibility and Enrollment

Eligibility
Most people qualify for Medicare when they turn 65. Younger individuals may qualify if they have been receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) for at least 24 months or have certain conditions such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or End-Stage Renal Disease.